How a Bill Becomes a Law

In Chapter 17, we learned that after a member of the Congress proposes a bill, it is gazetted and then passed through the three stages of reading before being becoming a Law. The time required for a bill to pass through these stages varies depending on whether it is controversial or complex. In the first reading, the bill is introduced to the Congress, which signals that the legislative process has started. At this stage, there nothing much is done; the bill is just read out to the members. No debate happens at this stage. Then, the bill is set for the next stage as the second reading.

Immediately after the first reading, the legislator in charge of the bill proposes a motion for the second reading of the bill. At this time, he/she gives a speech explaining the benefits of the proposed legislation. After this motion, the House adjourns the debate on the issue and refers the bill to the Congressional Committee for scrutiny. Then, if the bill is complex or controversial, the Congressional Committee will look at all the pros, cons and principles of the provisions of the bill. The Committee may consider possible amendments related to the bill. After all these considerations, the Committee reports the bill back to the Congress. After consultations, the Committee and... Other legislators are also allowed give their views on the bill, indicating if they support it or not.
The next stage is the Committee stage. After the second reading, the members vote either for or against the bill. A negative vote means the bill may not proceed to the next stage. However, a positivated vote implies the Committee may meet again and examine the provisions of the bill clause by clause. The proposers and other Legislators may move their amendments to the bill. After passing the Committee stage, with or without amendments, the proponents of the bill move a motion that the bill is read a third time. During the third reading, members are allowed to give their views on the contents of the bill. Then, if they support it, the bill is passed and proceeds to the final stage, which is the presidential assent. However, if the majority views are negative, no further proceedings shall take place.

The final stage is the presidential stage. The presidential assent is required for any bill to become a Law. At this point, the President gives consent to the proposed bill to become a Law. In most cases, the President never rejects or refuses the proposed bill though he/she holds power to do so. From here, the bill becomes an…